四六级

　　阅读部分向来是考生的传统强项，也是争夺高分之地，很多同学们在复习期间选择的是题海战术，以此来提高答题正确率，但是如果你提前了解了各类英语四级阅读题解题技巧，那么就可以轻松应对它了。下面是小编为大家准备的英语四级阅读冲刺训练。

　　Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.

　　This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or – independently of any course – simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.

　　We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.

　　We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

　　1. According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means _____.

　　[A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists.

　　[B] people whose knowledge of science is very limited.

　　[C] the scientific community.

　　[D] people who make good contribution to science.

　　2. We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because_____.

　　[A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.

　　[B] Science affects almost every aspect of our life.

　　[C] Scientists live in a specific subculture.

　　[D] It is easier to understand general characteristics of science.

　　3. The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who_____.

　　[A] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.

　　[B] are good at producing various gadgets.

　　[C] work in a storehouse of dried facts.

　　[D] want to have a superficial understanding of science.

　　4. According to this passage,_____.

　　[A] English is a sexist language.

　　[B] only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.

　　[C] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.

　　[D] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.

　　5. This passage most probably is_____.

　　[A] a book review.

　　[B] the preface of a book.

　　[C] the postscript of a book.

　　[D] the concluding part of a book.

　　参考答案：

　　1. C 科学社区。答案在第一段第二句，人们也该了解科学家生活在其中的亚文化群以及他们是什么样的人。第三段又讲到，有关科学社区的画面以及妇女对科学亚文化的贡献。可见科学社区即亚文化。

　　2. B 因为科学几乎影响到我们生活的各个方面。文章开综明旨点出：科学是我们文化中的重要主题，由于它几乎涉及到我们生活的每一方面，有知识的人至少需要熟悉一些结构和作用。

　　3. A 不太了解科学的大学生或门外汉。第二段首句就点出了这本书为对科学一知半解的大学生和门外汉所写，为某些人，一直把科学看作干巴巴的事实堆砌的发霉的石屋的人;为那种把科学的主要目的视为生产小配件的人;为那些把科学视为某种魔术的人而写。这说明主要为A项人所写，对科学了解不多的大学生和普通人。

　　4. D 不应当用阳性的名词和代词去指科学家。第三段集中讲了这本书提供精确而又现代的有关科学社区(社会)和居住在其中的人的画卷。近年来，越来越多的妇女包括进来，原因是许多妇女进入传统上为男人统治的领域，并作出巨大贡献，所以妇女在科学亚文化群中的增多并不是罕见的偶然事件，而是社会各部门明显趋势的组成部分。在讨论其变化和贡献时，我们面临着隐含性别歧视的语言――用阳性名词和代词来指未指定人物，为了消除这种偏颇，我们在可能和必要时采用了复数名词和代词来取代他或她。

　　5. B 书的前言，见文章大意。

　　词汇点拨：

　　1. subculture 亚文化群(指在一个社会或一种文化内具有独特性的一群人)

　　2. superficial 肤浅的，浅薄的，表面的

　　3. lay person 外行，门外汉，俗人

　　4. musty 发毒的，老朽的，陈腐的

　　5. gadget 小玩意儿，小配件，新发明

　　6. pervasive 渗透的，弥漫的，遍布的

　　7. populate 居住于……中，在……中占一席之地

　　8. implicit 含蓄的，内含的

　　9. unspecified 未特别提出的

　　10. offset 抵消，补偿