四六级

2017年上半年英语六级阅读语法常识:虚拟语气

时间:2017-04-01 来源:文都网校 浏览: 分享:

      在2017年上半年英语六级备考中,阅读是很重要的。文都小编提醒大家,在做英语六级练习题之前,了解一些语法常识才会在做阅读题的过程中更好的理解文章大意,更加轻松的突破阅读难关。下面,小编给大家整理了2017年6月英语六级考试语法常识,希望能够帮到大家!

       虚拟语气

      1. 表示现在/过去/将来情况的虚拟条件句

      虚拟条件句主要有三种结构:

      1) 表示与现在情况相反:主句谓语用“would / could / might +动词原形”,从句谓语用“动词的一般过去时”(动词be的过去式一律用were)。

      If I were you, I would not accept his offer.

      If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you.

      2) 表示与过去情况相反:主句谓语用“would / could / might + have +过去分词”,从句谓语用过去完成时。

      If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.

      If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.

      3) 表示与将来情况相反:主句谓语用“would / could / might +动词原形”,从句谓语用“were +动词不定式”或“should +动词原形”。

      If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study.

      If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you.

      2. 虚拟条件句连接词if的省略

      如果虚拟条件句的从句中含有were, had, should, could等词时,可以省略连接词if,但这时必须把were, had, should, could等词移到主语前面,形成倒装。这种句型主要用于书面形式。

      Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks.

      Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time.

      Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.

      3. wish后宾语从句中的谓语构成

      动词wish后的宾语从句表示未实现的或不可能实现的愿望,其宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,有以下三种构成形式。

      1) 表示现在不可能实现的愿望,宾语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。(be的过去式为were)。

      I wish I had enough money to buy a car.

      I wish I were as young and energetic as you.

      2) 表示过去未能实现的愿望,宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时(had +过去分词)或“would / could + have +过去分词 ”。

      I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.

      I wish I could have done it better.

      3) 表示将来不可能实现的愿望,宾语从句中的谓语动词用“would / should (could, might) +动词原形”。

      I wish I would not get old.

      I wish I could travel around the world one day.

      4. 某些动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气

      在一些动词后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类动词一般表示命令,要求,决定,建议,主张等概念,主要有:advise, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, direct, insist, move, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest,等。

      The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 per cent.

      The teacher decided that you do the experiment first.

      5. 某些名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气

      在一些名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类名词一般表示命令,要求,决定,建议,主张等概念,主要有:advice, idea, instruction, motion, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,等。

      My suggestion is that we (should) send for a doctor immediately.

      He gave the order that they (should) do the experiment again.

      6. 错综时间条件句

      条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作,有时发生的时间是不一致的.如从句是对过去情况的假设,而主句可能是对现在正在进行情况的假设。 这种句子称为错综时间条件句.

      If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.

      7. 某些主语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气

      某些表示命令,要求,决定,建议,主张以及“重要性”和“紧迫性”等概念的主语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类主语从句一般由 “It is (was) + 形容词/过去分词 + that引导的从句”构成。该结构中,常用的形容词主要有:advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, urgent, vital等;常用的过去分词主要有:arranged, decided, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, suggested等。

      It is necessary that you (should) stop smoking so heavily.

      It is arranged that you (should) enter for this competition. 

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