四六级

　　A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes,asa rule,to have it retold in identically the samewords,but this should not lead parents to treatprinted fairy stories as sacred texts.It is alwaysmuch better to tell a story than read it out of abook, and if a parent can produce what, in theactual circumstances of the time and the individual child,is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.

　　A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing hissadistic(施虐狂的) impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlledexperiment that children who have read fairy slories were more often guilty of cruelty thanthose who had not. Aggressive,destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on thewhole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rathera safety valve than an incitement(刺激) to overt action.

　　As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrifiedby some fairy story. Often, however,this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pair of fear into the pleasure of a fear facedand mastered.

　　There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectivelytrue, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and thatinstead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt toreality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, sounsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case weresound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York toPhiladelphia on abroomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was theirenchantedgirlfriend.

　　No fairy stories ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child hasever believed that it was.

　　一般说来，如果一个孩子喜欢一篇童话故事，就会想一字不变地再听一次，但这不应让父母把印在书上的童话故事当成圣经来对待。[1]讲故事比读故事总要来得更好，如果父母可以讲些真实发生的故事，比印出来的故事更胜一筹，那就会更好了。

　　有人反对童话故事，因为童话会吓坏孩子，或者让孩子产生施虐的冲动，这会让孩子受到伤害。要证明后一种情况，需要有人做一个控制性的实验。证明读了童话故事的孩子比没有读童话故事的孩子更容易做出残酷的行为。[2]每一个孩子都会有攻击性，破坏性或施虐性的冲动，总体上，相对于做出显性行为的刺激来说，他们象征性的语言表达是一道比较安全的阀门。

　　关于恐惧这一点，我觉得有一些实例表明，确实是有些孩子被一些童话故事吓坏了。[3]但是这通常都发生在只听过相关故事一次的孩子身上。重复听故事，对故事很熟悉以后，孩子就会把痛苦的恐惧转化成快乐的恐惧，能够面对并掌控恐惧。

　　[4]还有的人反对童话故事，因为童话故事不是客观现实。巨人，巫婆，又头龙，神奇飞毯等等，都并不存在。孩子不应该沉溺于童话故事之中，应该教导孩子学习历史和力学，适应现实。我必须承认，我觉得这些人实在是太冷漠太怪异，我简直不知道怎么跟他们争辩。如果他们的理由是站得住脚的，那么这个世界就应该充满了疯疯癫癫的人，想要坐在扫帚上从纽约飞到费城，或者亲吻电话，以为那就是他们被施予了魔法的女朋友。

　　从来就没有童话故事声称自己是外在世界的真实描述，也从来就没有神志正常的孩子相信童话就是现实。

　　以上就是小编为大家介绍的六级阅读材料，希望对大家有帮助。想了解更多四六级备考课程、备考资讯，请点击文都网校四六级资讯站查询!有问题找文都☞☞☞详情咨询入口>>>