四六级

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　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artifcial intelligence (AI) will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”, and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as “ crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species”.

　　Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence(LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studyin history,” Hawking said, “which, let’s face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it;s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.”

　　While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,” he said. “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one-industrialisation. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilisation.”

　　Huw Price, the centre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university’s Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems for humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.

　　AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn’t taken seriously, even among AI researchers. “AI is hugely exciting,” she said, “but it has limitations, which present grave dangers given uncritical use.”

　　The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.

　　46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?

　　A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilisation.

　　B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.

　　C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities.

　　D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.

　　47. What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI?

　　A) It would accelerate the progress of AI research.

　　B) It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.

　　C) It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.

　　D) It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration.

　　48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?

　　A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future.

　　B) The shift of research from theory to implementation.

　　C) The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.

　　D) The increasing awareness of mankind’s past stupidity.

　　49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?

　　A) It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.

　　B) It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.

　　C) Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.

　　D) Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.

　　50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry?

　　A) They are much influenced by the academic community.

　　B) They are most likely to benefit from AI development.

　　C) They share the same concerns about AI as academics.

　　D) They believe they can keep AI under human control.

　　2019年6月英语六级阅读真题解析(人工智能研究)

　　46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?

　　正确答案B). It might be a blessing or disaster in the making.

　　解题思路：定位第一段第一句话前半部分“either the best，or the worst thing...”，这就是他的想法，选项B中blessing or a disaster 正是对这句话的同义转述，所以是正确选项。其他关于AI的选项都是对一部分看法，而不是整体看法，所以排除。

　　47. What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI?

　　正确答案C). It was extremely important to the destiny of mankind.

　　解题思路：定位第一段第一句话后半部分，也就and后面的句子，就是对于这个LCFI建立所做的评论“crucial to the future of our civilization and our species.”。选项C中的extremely important正是对crucial的同义重述;destiny of mankind 对应原文civilization and our species。所以选项C是正确答案。

　　48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?

　　正确答案A). The shift of research focus from the past to the future.

　　解题思路：定位文章第二段最后一句，找到welcome change 这两个词，可以发现整句话的说的是不再研究历史，而是开始研究智能的未来，对应C选项中，的past是原文history的同义转述，所以正确答案是A。

　　49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?

　　正确答案D). Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.

　　解题思路：定位第三段第一句话，同时找到concerns这个词，后面就是对这个词的解释“humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own,”“如果人类创造出有自我意志的超级智能，那人类可能成为毁灭自己的那个建筑师”，选项D中的ruin对应文中的destruction，mankind是humanity的同义词，所以正确选项为D。选项A和B都是讲的人工智能可能产生的优点所以错误，C选项说的人工智能自我毁灭，文中并未提到所以排除。

　　50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry?

　　正确答案C). They share the same concerns about AI as academic.

　　解题思路：定位最后一段，找到关键词technology industry，代表性的企业家，也就是马斯克也表达了对super-intelligence 的concerns，句子中的not alone in warning，also等词都表明技术行业也对超级人工智能表示了一些担忧。所以正确选项是C。ABD选项中内容都是无中生有，通篇文章都没有提到，所以逐个排除。

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