四六级

　　英语四级阅读理解占总分的35%，相对来说比重较大，所以这部分对四级取得高分是关键，考生们需要多做题、多练习。小编为大家整理了四级阅读模拟题精讲，希望可以帮助大家提升阅读能力。

　　英语四级仔细阅读模拟题

　　There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a familial disease. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments, familial diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one

　　environment factor commonly shared by families, namely dietary salt (i.e., sodium chloride), has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that long excess salt intake can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.

　　By mating long successive generations of those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt intake, a resistant strain (the " R" strain) has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, sensitive strain (the "S" strain) has also been developed.

　　The availability of these two strains permits investigations possible. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human hypertension. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility (敏感性) of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.

　　21. The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out_______.

　　A. as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of salt

　　B. to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substance

　　C. because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressure

　　D. because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives

　　22. The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their_______.

　　A. need for sodium 22 B. rate of mating

　　C. reaction to salt D. type of blood

　　23. We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can be used to_______.

　　A. control high blood pressure

　　B. cure high blood pressure caused by salt

　　C. tell the "S" rats from the "R" rats

　　D. determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like

　　24. The most beneficial results of the research might be_______.

　　A. development of diets free of salt

　　B. an early cure for high blood pressure

　　C. control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressure

　　D. the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims

　　25. Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?

　　A. When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.

　　B. The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.

　　C. The medical field is desperately in need of research.

　　D. A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.

　　英语四级仔细阅读模拟题答案

　　ACDDD

　　英语四级仔细阅读模拟题【参考译文】

　　有证据表明，常见的各种高血压在某种程度上是一种家族疾病。由于家庭有相似的基因和相似的环境，家族疾病可能是由于共同的遗传影响，共同的环境因素，或两者兼而有之。多年来，一个人的角色

　　家庭共有的环境因素，即膳食盐(即在布鲁克国家实验室(Brookhaven National Laboratory)进行了研究。这些研究表明，长期过量摄入盐会导致人类和动物的高血压。然而，一些个体和一些老鼠消耗大量的盐而没有发展成高血压。在这些实验中，无论对所有的环境因素进行多么严格的控制，一些盐喂养的动物从未发生高血压，而少数动物则迅速发展为非常严重的高血压，然后早期死亡。这些显著的变异被解释为遗传结构的差异。

　　通过与那些没有因盐摄入而患上高血压的动物长时间连续交配，一种耐药菌株(“R”株)已经进化出来，在这种菌株中，大量盐的摄入并不能显著影响血压。与此相反，通过只与那些由盐快速发展为高血压的动物交配，敏感品系(“S”品系)也得到了发展。

　　这两种毒株的可用性使调查成为可能。他们提供了一个可信的实验室模型，在此基础上研究人类高血压的一些临床方面。更重要的是,可能有遗传易感性的开发方法的可能性(敏感性)的人类高血压可以定义不等待其外观。放射性钠22是研究氯化钠代谢特性的重要“工具”。