四六级

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　　Americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?

　　Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian(百姓的)clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. the television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity(身份)than to step out of uniform?

　　Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible(可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.

　　Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.

　　Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.

　　61. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality _______.

　　A) still judge a man by his clothes

　　B) hold the uniform in such high regard

　　C) enjoy having a professional identity

　　D) will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform

　　62. People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform _______.

　　A) suggests quality work

　　B) discards his social identity

　　C) appears to be more practical

　　D) looks superior to a person in civilian clothes

　　63. The chief function of a uniform is to _______.

　　A) provide practical benefits to the wearer

　　B) make the wearer catch the pubic eye

　　C) inspire the wearer’s confidence in himself

　　D) provide the wearer with a professional identity

　　64. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _______.

　　A) are usually helpful

　　B) have little or no individual freedom

　　C) tend to lose their individuality

　　D) enjoy greater popularity

　　65. The best title for this passage would be _______.

　　A) Uniforms and Society

　　B) The Importance of Wearing a Uniform

　　C) Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform

　　D) Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms

　　参考答案:

　　翻译：美国人为他们的多样性和独特性而自豪，但是几乎没有什么东西比制服更受他们热爱与尊重，无论是电梯工的制服，还是五星上将的制服也好。

　　文章第一段提出制服在美国受欢迎的现象。第二段说了一个主要论点——制服的好处，第三段说的是实际好处，第四段说的是反对的论点——制服的缺点，第五段说的是实际问题。文章结构很清晰整齐，定位相对容易。

　　61.找到关键词回原文中定位，第一段第一句yet 转折后面就是答案。Hold… in regard 和respect是同义转换。答案是B。

　　62.答案对应在第二段找，People expect superior quality， 认为穿制服的水平更高。答案是A。D错在混淆了superior 的目标，不是人，而是quality，所以不对。

　　63.制服的主要功能是什么。A是实际的好处，而不是主要功能。BC也不对。答案是D，在第二段最后可以找到对应。

　　64.在第四段有对应的句子。答案是C。说的是制服的一个主要缺点。

　　65.题目——主题题的一种。文章的主题是讨论了制服的优缺点，答案是D。

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