四六级

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　　Water : Source Of Food Security

　　Our planet is thirsty — thirsty because it is hungry. It takes one thousand times more water to feed thehuman population than it does to satisfy its thirst.

　　Water lies at the core of sustainable development concerns, and its rational and equitablemanagement is crucial for human survival. That was one of the key messages to arise fromthe World Summit on Sustainable Development2 that was held in Johannesburg this summer. Next year's Third World Water Forum in Japan will address this issue in greater depth.

　　It is therefore fitting that this year's World Food Day spotlights the role of water in foodsecurity. Without water, there can be no food production. In fact, the agricultural sector is theuser of 70 percent of the planet's water supply. In a world in which per capita wateravailability is declining, we need to focus on appropriate water management if we are tosufficiently increase food production, with a view to reduce hunger and malnutrition, and feeda population expected to rise to 8 billion in 30 years'time.

　　Shortage of water threatens extensive agricultural regions in developing countries and fans theprospect of food crises. At present, twenty countries do not have enough water to producethe food their populations need. In some cases, the overexploitation of water resourcesundermines future agricultural production, while in others, their underexploitation inhibitsdevelopment.

　　The combined vicious impact of poverty, rising demand for food and insufficient availabilityof water therefore poses a serious challenge for world food security and universal access toclean water. One billion people are deprived of clean water, and most of these people are alsohungry. They live in rural areas and agriculture is their main source of income.

　　How are we to ensure water availability and food security, while safeguarding theenvironment? At present, more than one-third of the world's food production comes from theirrigated areas that make up 16 percent of the planet's arable land. Irrigated farming is at leasttwice as productive as rainfed farming3, and during the next 30 years some 70 percent ofadditional food production in developing countries should come from irrigated land.

　　It is urgent to avoid poor irrigation practices that have often led to diminishing water supplies, land degradation and spread of disease . Far too often, more water is being pumped than canpossibly be recharged. Also , too much water is being lost along canals, because of leakage , wastage , seepage or evaporation. Too many schemes are losing productivity because ofinappropriate drainage, waterlogging and a build-up of salts in the soil.

　　We thus have to turn increasingly to adopt integrated watershed management, curb theupstream deforestation that generates flooding and erosion, and significantly increaseinvestment in water control infrastructure. Finally, water use will be sustainable only if it is donein a socially equitable manner.

　　New water policy, and institutions and laws will facilitate the integrated management of riverbasins and water resources by all stakeholders, in a climate of transparency, accountabilityand social justice.

　　The cooperation of all development partners, the public, private and non-profit sectors atnational and international level, will be indispensable to resolve conflicts of interest, mobilizesubstantial financial resources and create conditions for a fairer distribution of food andwater.

　　The countries of Africa , the Middle East and southern Asia that are already facing serious watershortages will see their situation rapidly worsen unless there is stronger solidarity betweenthe regions of abundance and the regions of scarcity. Such solidarity is necessary if we areto avoid a proliferation and aggravation of tensions relating to water .

　　练习题：

　　Ⅰ. Fill in each blank with proper words or phrases from the passage :

　　1. Many people in Africa ( 剥夺) their rights of living peacefully.

　　2. A few of spies are planning to ( 破坏) the social stability.

　　3. Library is usually regarded as a ( 非盈利) organization.

　　Ⅱ. Question :

　　Why should we avoid poor irrigation practices?

　　参考答案：

　　Ⅰ. 1. are deprived of 2. undermine 3 . non-profit

　　Ⅱ. Because such practices have often led to diminishing water supplies, land degradation and spread o

　　f disease.

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