四六级

　　考生们已经开学了，距离下半年的英语六级考试越来越近了，不知大家已经复习的怎么样了呢?暑假的时间有充分利用么?不过就算考生的暑假没有利用好也没有关系，抓紧现在的一切时间，备战英语六级，下面小编就为大家准备了英语六级听力常考的文章，希望对考生有所帮助。

　　Police and Communities

　　1.Who developed most of the early academic interests? Some ...

　　2.How did party regulars and reformers generally view the police? They viewed the police from ...

　　3.When was the notion of a professional police force in America created?...

　　Few institutions are more important to an urban community than its police, yet there are few subjects historians know so little about. Most of the early academic interests developed among political scientists and sociologists, who usually examined their own contemporary problems with only a nod toward the past. Even the public seemed concerned only during crime waves, periods of blatant corruption, or after a particularly grisly episode. Party regulars and reformers generally viewed the institution from a political perspective; newspapers and magazines — the nineteenth century’s media — emphasized the vivid and spectacular. Yet urban society has always vested a wide, indeed awesome, responsibility in its police. Not only were they to maintain order, prevent crime, and protect life and property, but historically they were also to fight fires, suppress vice, assist in health services, supervise elections, direct traffic, inspect buildings, and locate truants and runaways. In addition, it was assumed that the police were the special guardians of the citizens’liberties and the community’s tranquility. Of course, the performance never matched expectations. The record contains some success, but mostly failure; some effective leadership, but largely official incompetence and betrayal. The notion of a professional police force in America is a creation of the twentieth century; not until our own time have cities begun to take the steps necessary to produce modern departments.

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