四六级

　　说到英语六级翻译考试的难点还是长难句，今天小编就为大家介绍一下定语从句如何翻译，并以真题为例，帮助大家深度理解。

　　首先说一下主语从句。就主语从句而言，相对典型的是it充当形式主语。我们看一下真题例句。

　　Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. (2000-72)

　　在这个句子里，it is obvious that...that引导主语从句，obvious“明显的;显而易见的”，那么it is obvious that怎么翻译呢?可以翻译成“明显的是...”，也就是说，it is + a. + that可以译成“a.是...”。我们看一下整个句子的结构it is obvious that..., and that... and并列两个由that引导的主语从句;另外，在这个句子里，be bound up with表示“与...有密切关系”;in turn“反过来”;rest upon“依赖于，取决于”。这个句子完整的译文就是“更进一步来说，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率直接相关，而反过来，效率的提高有赖于各类科技人员的努力。”

　　And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. (1993-74)

　　我们看一下这个句子。it is imagined by many that...that引导主语从句。imagine“想象，猜想”，也可以翻译成“认为”。那么，it is imagined by many that怎么翻译呢?可以翻译成“许多人认为...”，也就是说，it is + done + (by sb.) + that可以译成“sb./人们do...”。我们看一下整个句子的结构it is imagined by many that..., and that... and并列两个由that引导的主语从句;另外，在这个句子里，by no means“决不”;be compared with“与...相比较”。这个句子完整的译文就是“许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程相比，这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能获得。”

　　就宾语从句而言，相对典型的就是it充当形式宾语。

　　You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. (1993-73)

　　You have all heard it repeated that...it充当形式宾语，that引导的从句才是真正的宾语。“You have all heard it repeated that.., that..., and that...”。宾语由三个that引导的并列从句来充当。You have all heard it repeated that你们都听过宾语重复，换句话说，就是“你们都多次听过这样的说法”。另外，在这个句子里，men of science指的是“科学家”;by means of“通过，借助”;induction归纳;deduction演绎;by the help of“借助”;in a sort of sense“从某种意义上来说”;extract...from...“提取，总结”。整句话的译文就是“你们多次听过这样的说法，科学家通过归纳法和演绎法来工作;从某种意义上来说，他们利用这些方法从大自然中总结出某些自然规律;然后根据这些规律，借助自身的一些特殊本领，来建立自己的理论。”

　　就表语从句而言，只要是从句位于系动词后充当表语，就是表语从句，按照顺序翻译即可，在这里不详细介绍。

　　就同位语从句而言，可以关注一下分隔结构，即抽象名词和同位语从句之间存在其他成分。

　　On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observe, he had no power of reasoning. (2008-48)

　　抽象名词charge和that引导的同位语从句之间被其他成分即后置定语隔开，可能对理解造成一定的干扰。整句话的译文是“另一方面，一些批评家指责，达尔文虽然善于观察，但是没有推理能力，达尔文认为这样的指责缺少依据。”

　　定语从句前置的条件：结构简单，信息量小。从某种程度上来说，简单或复杂是因人而异的。这里有一个量化原则：通常，定语从句的长度为5个单词以内或者不到整个句子的1/3，可以视为结构简单。这样的定语从句，翻译的时候往往前置。前置之后怎么办呢?很简单，先行词前加一个字“的”就可以。我们看一下真题例句。

　　Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. (2003-61)

　　在这个句子里，定语从句in which they live修饰限定the environment。我们看一下，这个定语从句符合前置的条件。the environment in which they live就表示“他们居住的环境”。另外，补充一下，结合语境modify表示“改造”;subject...to...“使遭受，使服从”;life forms“生命形态”;peculiar“特有的”， 常见搭配be peculiar to“为...所特有”，比如Languages are peculiar to humans.“语言为人类所特有。”整句话的译文就是：更进一步来说，人类有能力改造自己的生存环境，从而使其他所有生命形态服从人类自己特有的想法和想象。

　　But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. (2006-49)

　　which governs his activity为非限定性定语从句，起到补充说明的作用。在这里，which指代的是the moral code。我们看一下，这个定语从句可以前置。the moral code, which governs his activity就表示“约束其行为的道德准则”。补充一下，code表示“准则”;not... any more than比较结构“两者都不”;dedicate to“奉献，致力于”。整句话的译文就是：但是，普通科学家的首要任务不是思考约束其行为的道德准则，正如人们不会期望商人致力于商业行为准则的探索一样。

　　定语从句后置的条件：结构复杂，信息量大。从某种程度上来说，简单或复杂是因人而异的。这里有一个量化原则：通常，定语从句的长度为5个单词以上或者超过整个句子的1/3，可以视为结构复杂。这样的定语从句，英语四六级翻译的时候往往后置。后置之后怎么办呢?可以重复先行词或者用一个字“这”。我们看一下英语真题例句。

　　Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. (2004-65)

　　which states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society这个定语从句结构复杂，信息量大，应该后置。which指代的是a sort of linguistic determinism“某种语言决定论”。后置之后可以重复先行词“该语言决定论或该理论”。补充一下，in its strongest form为插入语“最极端的形式”;that..., and that...为并列结构，两个并列的宾语从句，都是states的内容;imprison“禁锢”;far-reaching“影响深远的”;produce far-reaching consequences表示“产生深远影响”。整句话的译文就是：沃尔夫逐渐相信某种语言决定论，该理论最极端的形式声称，语言禁锢了思想，语言的语法结构可以对一个社会的文化产生深远影响。

　　The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. (2004-61)

　　which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be为非限定性定语从句，which指代that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought，即“这种观点”。Greeks“希腊人”。整句话的译文就是：希腊人认为，语言结构和思维过程有某种联系，这种观点早在人们意识到语言的多样性之前就已经在欧洲扎根。

　　以上就是小编为大家介绍的英语六级翻译技巧，想了解更多四六级备考课程、备考攻略，请点击文都网校四六级资讯站查询!

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