四六级

　　进入暑假状态的同学们都有什么安排与计划呢？有没有为学习英语留出一些时间？尤其是语法知识相对薄弱的同学，暑假正是恶补的最好时期。从今天开始小编每天为大家整理一些英语四级语法基础知识，希望大家认真复习。

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　　during 的用法详解

　　1. 表示“在……期间”，是介词，不要将其误用作连词。如：

　　他在巴黎期间，与他的朋友住在一起。

　　误：During he was in Paris, he lived with his friends.

　　正：While he was in Paris, he lived with his friends.

　　正：During his stay in Paris, he lived with his friends.

　　2. during 和 for 均可表示一段时间，但两者有差别。

　　(1) during 通常表示事件发生在何时(when)，而for则表示事件持续了多长时间(how long)。如：

　　He was in hospital for six weeks during the summer. 他在夏天住了 6 个星期的医院。

　　(2) 两者之后均可接由 the whole 引起的时间短语，但通常不能接由 all 引起的时间短语。如：

　　他整个夏天都住在那儿。

　　正：He stayed there for [during] the whole summer.

　　误：He stayed there for [during] all the summer.

　　(3) 在“数词+时间名词”之前以及在some time, a long time之类表示泛指一段时间的词组之前，可用介词 for，但不用 during。如：

　　He lived here for ten years (for some time). 他在这儿住过 10 年(一段时间)。

　　3. during与in均可表示“时间点”，有时可互换。如：

　　I'll be on holiday in [during] August. 我将在8月度假。

　　He woke up three times in [during] the night. 夜里他醒了 3 次。

　　但在使用时还有以下几点要注意：

　　(1) 比较而言，during 更强调时间的延续，in 只是指一般性的某一时间。因此若表示状态或习惯性动作，多用during，否则以用in为常见。如：

　　Many people suffered hardship during the war. 许多人在战争期间受苦遭难。

　　He was injured in the war. 他在战争期间受了伤。

　　(2) 在stay, visit, meal等表示行为要持续一段时间的名词之前，只能用during 而不能用in。如：

　　The phone rang during the meal. 吃饭时电话铃响了。

　　I went to see my aunt during my stay in Beijing. 在北京逗留期间，我去看了我的姑妈。

　　(3) 与季节名词连用，in表泛指，during表特指。如：

　　In summer we often camp in the forest. 夏天我们常在森林里露营。(泛指)

　　During the summer we camped in the forest. 今年夏天我们在森林里露营。(特指)

　　介词of用法

　　1. 表示剥夺,除去

　　deprive sb. of his right

　　denude sb. of his possession (hope)

　　divest the baby of his clothes

　　rid him of this fear rob sb. of his wallet

　　defraud sb. of gold ring

　　cure sb. of cancer heal sb. of cancer

　　purify the nation clean the jar of crust

　　clarify the river of flowing rubbish

　　--get rid of, rid of, dispose of

　　2: of接直接宾语

　　-告诉-tell sb. of sth. inform sb. of sth warn sb. of fire

　　remind sb. of his duties acquaint sb. of sth. notify of..

　　-其他,劝服-persuade sb. of honesty assure sb. of the best seats convince sb. of sth.

　　-法律词汇-accuse sb. of burglary ; convict sb. of murder; suspect sb. of a theft

　　-reassure his wife of his safe arrival

　　3. of接间接宾语

　　request sth. of sb. expect sth. of sb. require sth. of sb.

　　ask a question of sb. be fearful of mistakes be jealous of wealthy persons be reminiscent of his past be patient of

　　the enormous noise be guilty of robbery be innocent of robbery

　　4. of表示人物的特性,籍贯,特性或出生等

　　He is of Irish descend (ascent)

　　People of obscure origin (humble /noble)

　　Man of keen perception a man of moral integrity

　　5. 固定词组

　　-say of, tale of, hear of, think of, learn of, savor of

　　The room smells of stale cabbage.

　　-brag of his achievements. Boast of his children

　　beware of pickpockets approve of the program

　　doubt of success complain of poor management

　　-be sure of be suspicious of be aware of

　　be confident of be proud of be ashamed of

　　be afraid of be capable of be lack of

　　be critical of be shortly of be conscious of

　　be ignorant of be wary of be cautious og

　　be appreciative of your advice

　　-regardless of , irrespective of ,不管….无视

　　in favor of

　　decide on three most popular leisure

　　activities irrespective of age

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