四六级

　　进入暑假状态的同学们都有什么安排与计划呢？有没有为学习英语留出一些时间？尤其是语法知识相对薄弱的同学，暑假正是恶补的最好时期。从今天开始小编每天为大家整理一些英语四级语法基础知识，希望大家认真复习。

        2017年12月英语四级基础语法知识大全

　　反身代词用法

　　反身代词在中学英语中的用法极其灵活，搭配频频出现，为帮助同学们复习和积累，特将中学英语中出现的反身代词用法归纳如下：

　　1. 用以加强语气，表示亲自。

　　If one wants knowledge of a skill, one must take part in it oneself.

　　He went there himself the day before yesterday.

　　2. 与典型介词搭配，构成固定短语，表达特定含义。

　　1) (all) by oneself 单独地

　　When I was young, I had to make a living all by myself.

　　Would you go there by yourself?

　　2) to oneself 独自享用

　　When he eats in a restaurant, he likes a table to himself.

　　3) for oneself 为自己;独自

　　One shouldn’t live for himself alone.

　　You must find it out for yourself.

　　4) of oneself 自动地

　　The door opened of itself.

　　5) between ourselves 私下里

　　Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.

　　6) in oneself 本身

　　The materials in themselves were not poisonous.

　　7) beside oneself 喜怒时发狂

　　She was beside herself with joy.

　　8) by itself 自然地

　　The machine will start by itself in a few seconds.

　　3. 与典型动词搭配，构成固定短语。

　　1) be not oneself 身体不好

　　I’m not quite myself today.(I’m unwell.)

　　2) enjoy oneself 玩得很痛快

　　3) help oneself to sth. 随便吃

　　Please help yourself to some fish.

　　4) teach oneself sth.自学

　　When he was young, he taught himself advanced mathematics.

　　5) accustom oneself to 习惯于

　　He quickly accustomed himself to this new way of life.

　　6) devote oneself to 致力于

　　I am determined to devote myself to the cause of education.

　　7) adapt oneself to 适应

　　She quickly adapted herself to the new climate.

　　8) adjust oneself to 调整;适应

　　The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.

　　9) behave oneself 举止得体

　　Please behave yourselves.

　　10) dress oneself 穿衣服

　　He is too young to dress himself.

　　11) seat oneself 就坐

　　He seated himself in the chair and began to read the novel.

　　12) make oneself heard / understood / seen / known / believed 让自己被(别人)听见/听懂/看见/认识/相信

　　He raised his voice to make himself heard by all.

　　13) find oneself 无意识中发现自己

　　At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and sat down to eat our picnic lunch.

　　14) express oneself 清楚表达自己的意思

　　He is still unable to express himself in English.

　　15) talk to oneself 自言自语

　　16) come to oneself 苏醒

　　疑问代词的用法

　　一、疑问代词的用法

　　疑问代词(who, whom, whose, which, what等)在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等：

　　Who is your English teacher? 你们的英语老师是谁?

　　Whose is this umbrella? 这伞是谁的?

　　Whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的伞?

　　What question did he ask? 他问了什么问题?

　　Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡，你喜欢那样?

　　【说明】who 和 whom 只用作主语、宾语和表语，不用作定语，what, which, whose 则既可用作主语、宾语和表语，也可用作定语。

　　二、两组疑问代词的用法比较

　　1. who 与 whom：前者为主格，用作主语，后者为宾格，用作宾格：

　　Who spoke at the meeting? 谁在会上发言了?

　　Whom are you talking about? 你们在谈论谁?

　　但是，当用作宾语的 whom 位于句首时，通常可用who 代之：

　　Who(m) is the letter from? 这信是谁寄来的?

　　若是紧跟在介词之后用作宾语，则只能用 whom。

　　2. what, which 与 who：

　　① 若后接名词(即用作限定词)，只用which和what，不能用who：

　　Which / What train did you come on? 你是坐哪次火车来的?

　　What和 which 的区别是：当选择的范围较小或比较明确时，多用 which;当选择的范围较较大或不明确时，多用 what：

　　Which color do you like, red, black or white? 红色、黑色和白色，你喜欢哪种?

　　What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的?

　　但是，若指人，即使选择的范围不明确，也多用 which：

　　Which [What] writers do you like? 你喜欢哪些作家?

　　② 若其后不接名词(即用作代词)，三者均可用，which和what的用法区别可参见上面的分析。至于who，它一般只用来指人(用作代词的 which 不用于指人)，不管选择范围大还是小、明确还是不明确均可用：

　　Who won –– Tom or Mike? 谁赢了，是汤姆还是迈克?

　　Who is your favorite poet? 你最喜欢的诗人是谁?

　　当选择范围比较明确且用作宾语时，who也可用which或which one代之：

　　Who [Which /Which one] do you like better, your father or your mother? 你更喜欢谁，父亲还是母亲?

　　③ 由于what和who的选择范围可以很大或不明确，所以其后可以跟 else，表示其他的人(或事物)，但却通常不跟表示特定范围的of 短语;而 which 的选择范围相对比较小或明确，所以其后一般不接 else，却常与表特定范围的of短语连用：

　　Who (What) else did you see there? 你在那儿还看到了别人的什么人(什么东西)?

　　Which of the three girls is the oldest? 这三个女孩中哪个年纪最大?

　　④ 另外，比较以下两句：

　　"Who is he?" 他是谁?(who 指姓名、关系等)

　　What is he? 他是干什么的?(what 指职业、地位等)

　　希望以上内容可以帮助到对于英语语法有困惑的同学，想了解更多四六级备考课程、备考资讯，请点击文都网校四六级资讯站查询!

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