四六级

　　英语六级听力改革后，考试题型变化较大，包括长对话、听力篇章和讲座，大家平时要有针对性的加强练习。本文是小编为大家提供的英语六级听力音频在线听第12套讲座1，希望对大家更好地进行2017年6月英语六级备考有帮助。

英语六级听力音频在线听第12套讲座1.mp3

　　Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.

　　16.

　　A.Lords, vassals and fiefs.

　　B.Warriors, lords and vassals.

　　C.King, vassals and fiefs.

　　D.King, lords and warriors.

　　17.

　　A.A person who acts as counselors.

　　B.A person who owns land.

　　C.A person who guarantees the security.

　　D.A person who governs the country.

　　18.

　　A.They would lend their lands to the vassals.

　　B.They would ask the vassals to help make decisions.

　　C.They would provide suggestions to their superiors.

　　D.They would harvest crops from their lands.

　　19.

　　A.The lord.

　　B.The vassal.

　　C.The aristocrat.

　　D.The emperor.

　　Good morning, class. Today we are going to start a big unit on government. Before the rise of the nation-state and absolute monarchies, Europe went through a period known as feudalism. Like our concept of democracy, feudalism had many forms and varied by location and time period.

　　Let's see, feudalism originated by mixing Roman law with Germanic tradition. The Germanic warriors that lived about 3,000 years ago had a tradition of electing a supreme warrior as leader. After battles, he would collect all of the spoils and distribute them fairly among all the warriors. (16) The term feudalism is defined by three principle terms: They are lords, vassals, and fiefs.

　　(17) Okay, a lord, in feudalism, is a person that owns land. He temporarily gives this land to another person, called a vassal. The vassal enters this contract so he may gain the land. Land sizes varied, from the size of a small farm, to huge counties. The vassal gained the revenues generated by the land, usually in the form of fanning products.

　　What did the lord get? At this time, there were no standing armies. There were no professional soldiers. The vassal swore allegiance to the lord. (18) In times of trouble, the lord could call upon the vassal to fight for the lord. This guaranteed the security of the lord.

　　Other details were often included in feudal deals. For example, since the lord still owned the land and merely lent the land to the vassal, the lord still had to maintain the land and defend it. The vassal, many times, would be required to grind his wheat and bake his bread in the ovens and mills owned by the lord, who then could collect taxes.

　　Umm, oh, yes, the vassals also acted as counselors to the lord. (18) During times of crisis, the lords would often hold meetings, calling together all the vassals to help them decide major decisions, such as to go to war or not.

　　Ah, lastly, feudalism had many levels. What I mean is, a king could be a lord, giving aristocrats large lands, who then became his vassals. Those aristocrats were lords themselves, dividing up their land to lesser vassals. (19) The top of this hierarchy was the emperor, who was the lord to his vassal kings.

　　Feudalism declined when lords became strong enough to maintain a standing army and did not require the services of their vassals.

　　16. What are the three terms that define feudalism?

　　17. What is a lord in feudalism?

　　18. During times of crisis, what would the lords do?

　　19. Who is at the top of the hierarchy in feudalism?

　　参考答案：

　　【小题16】A

　　【小题17】B

　　【小题18】B

　　【小题19】D

　　习题解析：

　　【小题16】讲座中明确提到 The term feudalism is defined by three principle terms: They are lords, vassals and fiefs.所以定义封建主义的三个关键词分别是封建领主、封臣和封地。故选项 A 为答案。

　　【小题17】本题问的是“ lord 在封建主义中指的是什么?”讲座中明确提到 a lord, in feudalism, is a person that owns land.故选项 B 为答案。选项 A 和 C 的内容均在听力原文中出现过，但是这两项对应的都是 vassals 的职责，均排除;选项 D “管理国家的人”，听力原文中提到封建制度等级的最顶端是君主，故君主是管理国家的人。虽然君主在某种程度上也是 lord，但并不是所有的 lord 都是君主，不能以偏概全，故排除选项 D。

　　【小题18】本题问的是“危急时刻，领主们会怎么做?”讲座中在两处提到了相关信息： In times of trouble, the lord could call upon the vassal to fight for the lord.和 During times of crisis, the lords would often hold meetings, calling together all the vassals to help them decide major decisions.由此可知，危急时刻，领主们会号召封臣来为自己而战或者召集他们来帮助自己做一些重大的决定，故选项 B 为答案。其他选项均与原文信息不符，均排除。

　　【小题19】讲座中明确提到 The top of this hierarchy was the emperor, who was the lord to his vassal kings.所以封建制度等级的最顶端是君主，故选项 D 为答案。

　　以上就是英语六级听力音频在线听第12套讲座1的全部内容，祝大家2017年6月英语六级考试顺利通关！

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