country. "There's no reason we wouldn't have seen the same effect on our views of women if Hillary Clinton or Sarah Palin had been elected," says Effron. So the election of a female leader might have a downside for other women.

　　Beyond race

　　We also don't yet know how long the Obama effect—both its good side and its bad—will last.Political sentiment is notoriously changeable: What if things begin to go wrong for Obama, and his popularity slumps?

　　And what if Americans become so familiar with having Obama as their president that they stop considering his race altogether? "Over time he might become his own entity," says Plant. This might seem like the ultimate defeat for racism, but ignoring the race of certain select individuals—a phenomenon that psychologists call subtyping—also has an insidious (隐伏的) side. "We think it happens to help people preserve their beliefs, so they can still hold on to the previous stereotypes." That could turn out to be the cruellest of all the twists to the Obama effect.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

　　1. How did Erin White feel upon seeing Barack Obama's victory in the election?

　　A) Excited. B) Victorious. C) Anxious. D) Relieved.

　　2. Before the election, Erin White has been haunted by the question of whether _____.

　　A) she could obtain her MBA degree

　　B) she could go as far as she wanted in life

　　C) she was overshadowed by her white peers

　　D) she was really an achiever as a student

　　3. What is the focus of Ashby Plant's study?

　　A) Racist sentiments in America.

　　B) The power of role models.

　　C) Personality traits of successful blacks.

　　D) The dual character of African Americans.

　　4. In their experiments, Ray Friedman and his colleagues found that ______.

　　A) blacks and whites behaved differently during the election

　　B) whites' attitude towards blacks has dramatically changed

　　C) Obama's election has eliminated the prejudice against blacks

　　D) Obama's success impacted blacks' performance in language tests

　　5. What do Brian Nosek's preliminary results suggest?

　　A) The change in bias against blacks is slow in coming.

　　B) Bias against blacks has experienced an unusual drop.

　　C) Website visitor's opinions are far from being reliable.

　　D) Obama's popularity may decline as time passes by.

　　6. A negative side of the Obama effect is that ______.

　　A) more people have started to criticise President Obama's racial policies

　　B) relations between whites and African Americans may become tense again

　　C) people are now less ready to support policies addressing racial inequality

　　D) white people are likely to become more critical of African Americans

　　7. Cheryl Kaiser holds that people should be constantly reminded that ______.

　　A) Obama's success is sound proof of black's potential

　　B) Obama is but a rare example of black's excellence

　　C) racial inequality still persists in American society

　　D) blacks still face obstacles in political participation

　　8. According to Effron, if Hillary Clinton or Sarah Palin had been elected, there would also have been a negative effect on ______.

　　9. It is possible that the Obama effect will be short-lived if there is a change in people's ______.

　　10. The worst possible aspect of the Obama effect is that people could ignore his race altogether and continue to hold on to their old racial ______.

　　Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　11.

　　A) The man failed to keep his promise.

　　B) The woman has a poor memory.

　　C) The man borrowed the book from the library.

　　D) The woman does not need the book any more.

　　12.

　　A) The woman is making too big a fuss about her condition.

　　B) Fatigue is a typical symptom of lack of exercise.

　　C) The woman should spend more time outdoors.

　　D) People tend to work longer hours with artificial lighting.

　　13.

　　A) The printing on her T-shirt has faded.

　　B) It is not in fashion to have a logo on a T-shirt.

　　C) She regrets having bought one of the T-shirts.

　　D) It is not a good idea to buy the T-shirt.

　　14.

　　A) He regrets having published the article.

　　B) Most readers do not share his viewpoints.

　　C) Not many people have read his article.

　　D) The woman is only trying to console him.

　　15.

　　A) Leave Daisy alone for the time being.

　　B) Go see Daisy immediately.

　　C) Apologize to Daisy again by phone.

　　D) Buy Daisy a new notebook.

　　16.

　　A) Batteries.

　　B) Garden tools.

　　C) Cameras.

　　D) Light bulbs.

　　17.

　　A) The speakers will watch the game together.

　　B) The woman feels lucky to have got a ticket.

　　C) The man plays center on the basketball team.

　　D) The man can get the ticket at its original price.

　　18.

　　A) The speakers will dress formally for the concert.

　　B) The man will return home before going to the concert.

　　C) It is the first time the speakers are attending a concert.

　　D) The woman is going to buy a new dress for the concert.

　　Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19.

　　A) He wants to sign a long-term contract.

　　B) He is good at both language and literature.

　　C) He prefers teaching to administrative work.

　　D) He is undecided as to which job to go for.

　　20.

　　A) They hate exams.

　　B) The all plan to study in Cambridge.

　　C) They are all adults.

　　D) They are going to work in companies.

　　21.

　　A) Difficult but rewarding.

　　B) Varied and interesting.

　　C) Time-consuming and tiring.

　　D) Demanding and frustrating.

　　Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　22.

　　A) Interviewing a moving star.

　　B) Discussing teenage role models.

　　C) Hosting a television show.

　　D) Reviewing a new biography.

　　23.

　　A) He lost his mother.

　　B) He was unhappy in California.

　　C) He missed his aunt.

　　D) He had to attend school there.

　　24.

　　A) He delivered public speeches.

　　B) He got seriously into acting.

　　C) He hosted talk shows on TV.

　　D) He played a role in East of Eden.

　　25.

　　A) He made numerous popular movies.

　　B) He has long been a legendary figure.

　　C) He was best at acting in Hollywood tragedies.

　　D) He was the most successful actor of his time.

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　Passage One

　　Questions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　26.

　　A) It carried passengers leaving an island.

　　B) A terrorist forced it to land on Tenerife.

　　C) It crashed when it was circling to land.

　　D) 18 of its passengers survived the crash.

　　27.

　　A) He was kidnapped eight months ago.

　　B) He failed in his negotiations with the Africans.

　　C) He was assassinated in Central Africa.

　　D) He lost lots of money in his African business.

　　28.

　　A) The management and union representatives reached an agreement.

　　B) The workers' pay was raised and their working hours were shortened.

　　C) The trade union gave up its demand.

　　D) The workers on strike were all fired.

　　29.

　　A) Sunny. B) Rainy. C) Windy. D) Cloudy.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　30.

　　A) Some of them had once experienced an earthquake.

　　B) Most of them lacked interest in the subject.

　　C) Very few of them knew much about geology.

　　D) A couple of them had listened to a similar speech before.

　　31.

　　A) By reflecting on Americans' previous failures in predicting earthquakes.

　　B) By noting where the most severe earthquake in U. S. history occurred.

　　C) By describing the destructive power of earthquakes.

　　D) By explaining some essential geological principles.

　　32.

　　A) Interrupt him whenever he detected a mistake.

　　B) Focus on the accuracy of the language he used.

　　C) Stop him when he had difficulty understanding.

　　D) Write down any points where he could improve.

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　33.

　　A) It was invented by a group of language experts in the year of 1887.

　　B) It is a language that has its origin in ancient Polish.

　　C) It was created to promote economic globalization.

　　D) It is a tool of communication among speakers of different languages.

　　34.

　　A) It aims to make Esperanto a working language in the U. N.

　　B) It has increased its popularity with the help of the media.

　　C) It has encountered increasingly tougher challenges.

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