四六级

　　众所周知，四级阅读是英语四级考试中的重点部分，题量大、时间短、分值占比高，为得高分，除了平时的备考中掌握大量词汇，多做练习题也是很重要的方面，一来可以巩固我们的四级词汇，二来可以锻炼我们的阅读理解能力，提高阅读速度和答题准确度，这里是英语四级阅读备考习题十五：学习的原动力，希望对大家2017年6月英语四级备考有帮助。

　　2017年6月四级阅读备考：英语四级阅读习题集

　　For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.

　　It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.

　　Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.

　　Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

　　36. According to the author, babies learn to do things which .

　　A) are directly related to pleasure

　　B) will meet their physical needs

　　C) will bring them a feeling of success

　　D) will satisfy their curiosity

　　37. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby .

　　A) would make learned responses when it saw the milk

　　B) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink

　　C) would continue the simple movements without being given milk

　　D) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink

　　38. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to .

　　A) have the lights turned on B) be rewarded with milk C) please their parents D) be praised

　　39. The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because .

　　A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives" B) the sight of the lights was interesting

　　C) they need not turn back to watch the lights D) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights

　　40. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of .

　　A) a basic human desire to understand and control the world

　　B) the satisfaction of certain physiological needs

　　C) their strong desire to solve complex problems

　　D) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills

　　参考答案：

　　36-40 .CCADA

　　以上就是本期四级阅读练习题十五：学习的原动力的全部内容，预祝大家顺利通关2017年6月英语四级考试!

　　2017年6月四级阅读备考：英语四级阅读习题集

　　每天进步一点点，6月通关大可期！2017年6月英语四六级备考之路，文都网校四六级资讯站愿助您一臂之力！更多2017年6月英语四六级备考资讯，请点击文都网校四六级资讯站！