四六级

　　暑假正是恶补英语基础知识的最好时期，千万别荒废！小编今天为大家准备了英语四级考试中有关过去完成时的语法知识点，各位考生快来看看自己都掌握了没有？

　　过去完成时had done结构常见句型

　　过去完成时表示“过去的过去”发生的动作或存在的状态，因此其对比点是过去的动作或状态(大部分情况下以一般过去时did/was/were结构做比较)。其常见句型有：

　　1.“By the end of +名词(短语)，主语 + had done…”

　　例如：By the end of the day, most of the inhabitants had left their homes.(到这一天，大部分居民已离开他们的家园。)

　　2.“主句(had done), before + 过去时间状语 ”

　　例如：They had never seen so many of the locusts before.(他们以前从未见过如此多的蝗虫)

　　I had reached the station before six o'clock.

　　(六点之前我已到达车站。)

　　3. “用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句，表示动作发生在这些动词之前。”

　　例如：She said that she had never been to Paris.(她说她从未去过巴黎。)

　　4.“By the time + 从句(did/was/were), 主语 + had done…”

　　例如：By the time we arrived, everyone had received medical care.(我们到达时，每个人已接受了医疗护理。)

　　5.“主语 +had done…, before 从句(did/was/were)”

　　例如：Fortunately, the population had left the village before the volcano erupted.(幸运的是，火山喷发前人们已离开了村庄。)

　　6.“主语 +had done…, when 从句(did/was/were)”

　　例如：They had already put the fire out when I returned to the village.(当我返回村子时，人们已将大火扑灭。)

　　7.“主语 + (did/was/were), after 从句(had done)”

　　例如：The earthquake happened in the daytime after people had already left home for work or school.(地震发生在白天，当时人们已离开家去上班或上学。)

　　8.“用在 Hardly(scarcely, barely)…when…, No sooner…than…句型中”

　　例如：Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down. (我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。)

　　No sooner had he left home than it began to rain. (他一离开家天就下起雨来。)

　　9.“用在 It /This/That was the first…time + that 从句 (had done)中”

　　例如：It was the third time that he had made the same mistake. (这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。)

　　10.“用在It was/had been + 一段时间 + since 从句 (had done)中”

　　例如：It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.(十年我们都没这麽高兴了。)

　　11.“hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose, want, think 等动词有时用过去完成时表示一个本来打算做而未做，曾经设想而未实现的事。”

　　例如：They had wanted to help but could not get here in time. (他们本想来帮忙，但未及时赶到。)

　　I had thought that he had died at least twenty years ago. (我原以为他至少死了十年。)

　　I had intended to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so. (我原打算过来看你，但受阻未成。)

　　12.“用于表示与过去事实相反的if 虚拟条件句中”

　　例如：If she had seen you yesterday, she would have told you the truth. (如果她昨天见过你，她已告诉你事实的真相。)

　　13.“用在 wish 后的宾语从句中，表示与过去事实相反。”

　　例如：I wished that he hadn't made such a mistake. (我希望他从未犯过这样的错误。)

　　过去完成时的被动语态

　　过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成，表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或状态，句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导时间状语。

　　We had built five new buildings by the end of last year.

　　过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式：

　　(1)肯定结构：主语+ had been done +其他成分

　　(2)否定结构：主语+ had not been done +其他成分

　　(3)疑问句结构：had +主语+ been done +其他成分;

　　疑问词+ had +主语+ been done +其他成分

　　过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况：

　　(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。

　　By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.

　　The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.

　　How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?

　　Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?

　　(2)在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。

　　The said the production costs had been reduced.

　　The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.

　　The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.

　　(3)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。

　　As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.

　　He did what he had been told to

　　另：当从句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。

　　When he arrived, he called her.

　　They locked the door before they left.

　　希望以上内容可以帮助到对于英语语法有困惑的同学，想了解更多四六级备考课程、备考资讯，请点击文都网校四六级资讯站查询!

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