四六级

　　进入暑假状态的同学们都有什么安排与计划呢？有没有为学习英语留出一些时间？尤其是语法知识相对薄弱的同学，暑假正是恶补的最好时期。从今天开始小编每天为大家整理一些英语四级语法基础知识，希望大家认真复习。

        2017年12月英语四级基础语法知识大全

        反意疑问句的回答方法

　　1. 肯定反意疑问句的回答

　　当陈述部分为否定式，反意疑问句为肯定式时，其回答往往与汉语不一致，需特别引起注意：

　　"It isn't cheap, is it?" "Yes, it is." “它不便宜吧?”“不，很便宜。”

　　"He doesn't love her, does he?" "No, he doesn't."“他不爱她，是吗?”“是的，他不爱她。”

　　2. 否定反意疑问句的回答

　　当陈述部分为肯定式，反意疑问句为否定式时，其回答一般不会造成困难，一般只需照情况回答即可：

　　"It's new, isn't it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的，对吗?”“对，是新的。”

　　"He wants to go, doesn't he?" "No, he doesn't." “他想去，对吗?”“不，他不想去。”

　　3. 回答反意疑问句的原则

　　回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定，如有人问你You are asleep, aren't you? 你应回答No, I'm not. 因为既然你能回答，肯定你还没有asleep。但如果别人问你 You aren't asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着，对吗)，你也只能回答No, I'm not.(是的，还没有睡着)，而不能回答为Yes, I'm not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.

　　反义疑问句的回答及特殊情况

　　对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。

　　例：—He likes playing football, doesn't he? 他喜欢踢足球，是吗?

　　—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 是的。/ 不是。

　　—His sister didn't attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗?

　　—Yes, she did. / No, she didn't. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。

　　反意疑问句19条：

　　1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.

　　I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?

　　2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。

　　I wish to have a word with you, may I?

　　3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。

　　The Swede made no answer, did he / she?

　　Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

　　4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。

　　He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

　　5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。

　　We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

　　6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。

　　He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

　　7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?

　　You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

　　8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。

　　He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

　　9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。

　　You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?

　　10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

　　He must be a doctor, isn't he?

　　You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?

　　He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

　　11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。

　　What colours, aren't they?

　　What a smell, isn't it?

　　12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

　　Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

　　13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。

　　Everything is ready, isn't it?

　　14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：

　　a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

　　Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

　　b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：

　　He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?

　　He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?

　　c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。

　　I don't think he is bright, is he?

　　We believe she can do it better, can't she?

　　15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。

　　Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)

　　Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

　　16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。

　　We need not do it again, need we ?

　　He dare not say so, dare you?

　　当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。

　　She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

　　17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。

　　Don't do that again, will you?

　　Go with me, will you / won't you ?

　　注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?

　　Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?

　　Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?

　　Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

　　18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。

　　There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?

　　There will not be any trouble, will there?

　　19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。

　　It is impossible, isn't it?

　　He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

　　希望以上内容可以帮助到对于英语语法有困惑的同学，想了解更多四六级备考课程、备考资讯，请点击文都网校四六级资讯站查询!

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