四六级

　　Crime is not random. but exhibits certainregularities. It occurs more frequently at certaintimes,in certain groups, at certain places. andunder certain conditions. That is to say, crime hasits own cycles, a magazine reported some years ago. Police records that were studied for five years fromover 2,400 cities and towns correspondingly show a surprising link between changes in theseason and crime patterns.

　　The pattern of crime has varied very little over a long period of years. For particular types ofcrime, e.g. murder or robbery,variation occurs by season,day, and time of occurrence. Generally speaking, murder ismore likely to occur during the late spring and summer, peaking inJuly and August, as are rape and other violent attacks. Moreover, murder, is more thanseasonal: it is a weekend crime.It is also a nighttime crime: 62 percent of murders arecommitted between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m.

　　Unlike the summer high in crimes of bodily harm, burglary has a different cycle. It is reportedthat robbery occurs more frequently in the cold winter months reaching its peak during theholiday season. That's why you are most likely to be robbed becween 6 p.m. and 2 a.m. on aSaturday night in December, January, or February. What is the most uncriminal month of a11? May-ex-cept for one strange statistic. More dog bites are reported in this month than in anyother month of the year.

　　Apparently our intellectual seasonal cycles are completely different from our criminaltendencies. Professor Huntington, of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, made extensivestudies to discover the seasons when people read serious books, attend scientific meetings, make the highest scores on examinations, and propose the most changes to patents. In allinstances, he found a spring peak and an autumn peak separated by a summer low. On theother hand, Professor Huntington's studies indicated that June is the peak month for suicidesand admissions to mental hospitals. June is also a peak month for marriages!

　　Possibly soaring thermometers and high humidity bring on our strange and terrifying summeractions, but police officials are not sure. "There is,of course, no proof of a connection betweenhurnidity and murder."they say. "Why murder's high time should come in the summertime wereally don't know."

　　[1]犯罪行为不是随机发生的，而是呈现出某些规律。在某些时间、地点、条件下，在某些人群当中，犯罪行为发生得更频繁些。也就是说，[l]犯罪行为有其自身的周期性。几年前某份杂志这样报道说。研究人员对2400多个城镇的立案犯罪记录作了为期5年的研究，这些记录一致表明，季节变化和犯罪模式之间存在着令人惊讶的关联。

　　犯罪模式在长时间里鲜有变化。某些特定的罪行，比如谋杀和抢劫，是随季节、日期和发生的时间而发生变化的。[2]一般来说，谋杀更可能发生在晚春和夏季，于7月和8月达到高峰。强奸和其他暴力犯罪也是如此。此外，谋杀不只是与季节有关，它还是一种周末犯罪行为。这种犯罪行为也常发生于夜间：62%的谋杀案是在下午6点到凌晨6点之间发生的。

　　涉及身体伤害的犯罪行为多发生在夏天，而夜间入室盗窃行为则与之不同，它有着另一种周期。据报道，抢盗行为在寒冷的冬季月份里发生得更多一些，且在假日到达高峰。[3]因此，在12月、1月或者2月的星期六晚上6点至凌晨2点人们最容易遭到抢劫，那么哪一个月份里犯罪行为最少呢?5月份——[4]不过有一项奇怪的统计数据：据报道，5月份被狗咬伤的案件比其他任何一个月份都多。

　　显然我们智力活动的季节性周期与我们的犯罪倾向是完全不同的。“周期研究基金会”的Huntington教授做了广泛的研究，以找出人们阅读严肃读物、参加科学会议、取得最好考试成绩以及为专利提出最多修改的季节。[5]在所有的研究生中他都发现，春秋两季人们的智力活动达到高峰，而在之间的夏季智力活动则处于低价。另-方面，Huntington教授的研究还表明，6月是自杀和精神病院入院人数最多的月份，而且6月也是结婚的高峰月份!

　　或许夏天气温高、湿度大，致使我们的行为变得怪异而可怕，可是警察却不能确信这一点。他们说：“没有任何证据表明湿度和谋杀之间有着关联。我们真的并不知道为什么凶杀案件在夏天发生得最多。”

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