四六级

　　英语六级阅读要靠理解与词汇掌握，我们在做题时，一定要端正心态，不要急躁，先弄清后面的题目内容，了解文章类型，再根据阅读问题有选择性的阅读文章，可以有效提升我们的做题时间与正确率，本文小编为大家整理了一篇阅读，实际操练吧!

　　Wakefield Master’s Realism

　　Moreover, insofar as any interpretation of itsauthor can be made from the five or six playsattributed to him, the Wake field Master is uniformlyconsidered to be a man of sharp contemporaryobservation. He was, formally, perhaps clerically educated, as his Latin and music, his Biblicaland patristic lore indicate. He is, still, celebrated mainly for his quick sympathy for theoppressed and forgotten man, his sharp eye for character, a ready ear for colloquialvernacular turns of speech and a humor alternately rude and boisterous, coarse and happy. Hence despite his conscious artistry as manifest in his feeling for intricate metrical andstanza forms, he is looked upon as a kind of medieval Steinbeck, indignantly angry at, uncompromisingly and even brutally realistic in presenting the plight of the agricultural poor.

　　Thus taking the play and the author together, it is mow fairly conventional to regard theformer as a kind of ultimate point in the secularization of the medieval drama. Hence muchemphasis on it as depicting realistically humble manners and pastoral life in the bleak hillsof the West Riding of Yorkshire on a typically cold bight of December 24th. After what are oftenregarded as almost “documentaries” given in the three successive monologues of the threeshepherds, critics go on to affirm that the realism is then intensified into a burlesque mock-treatment of the Nativity. Finally as a sort of epilogue or after-thought in deference to theBiblical origins of the materials, the play slides back into an atavistic mood of early innocentreverence. Actually, as we shall see, the final scene is not only the culminating scene butperhaps the raison d’etre of introductory “realism.”

　　There is much on the surface of the present play to support the conventional view of itsmood of secular realism. All the same, the “realism” of the Wakefield Master is of aparadoxical turn. His wide knowledge of people, as well as books indicates no cloisteredcontemplative but one in close relation to his times. Still, that life was after all a predominantlyreligious one, a time which never neglected the belief that man was a rebellious and sinfulcreature in need of redemption, So deeply (one can hardly say “naively” of so sophisticated awriter) and implicitly religious is the Master that he is less able (or less willing) to presentactual history realistically than is the author of the Brome “Abraham and Isaac”. His historicalsense is even less realistic than that of Chaucer who just a few years before had done for hisown time costume romances, such as The Knight’s Tale, Troilus and Cressida, etc. MoreoverChaucer had the excuse of highly romantic materials for taking liberties with history.

　　1. Which of the following statements about the Wakefield Master is NOT True?

　　[A]. He was Chaucer’s contemporary.

　　[B]. He is remembered as the author of five or six realistic plays.

　　[C]. He write like John Steinbeck.

　　[D]. HE was an accomplished artist.

　　2. By “patristic”, the author means

　　[A]. realistic. [B]. patriotic

　　[C]. superstitious. [C]. pertaining to the Christian Fathers.

　　3. The statement about the “secularization of the medieval drama” refers to the

　　[A]. introduction of mundane matters in religious plays.

　　[B]. presentation of erudite material.

　　[C]. use of contemporary introduction of religious themes in the early days.

　　4. In subsequent paragraphs, we may expect the writer of this passage to

　　[A]. justify his comparison with Steinbeck.

　　[B]. present a point of view which attack the thought of the second paragraph.

　　[C]. point out the anachronisms in the play.

　　[D]. discuss the works of Chaucer.

　　Vocabulary

　　1. clerically educated 受过教会教育的

　　2. lore 口头传说，口头文字

　　3. patristic 有关早期基督教领袖的

　　4. vernacular 方言

　　5. boisterous 喧闹的

　　6. metrical 韵律的

　　7. stanza 诗节

　　8. medieval 中世纪的

　　9. plight 悲惨的命运

　　10. secularization 世俗化，脱离教会

　　11. pastoral 乡村的

　　12. bleak 荒凉的

　　13. documentary 记录文献的

　　14. monologue 独白

　　15. burlesque 诙谐或游戏诗文的，讽刺或滑稽的

　　16. Nativity 基督的诞生

　　17. epilogue 收场白

　　18. deference 敬意，尊重

　　19. atavistic 返祖的，隔代遗传的

　　20. slide back to 滑回，这里指返回

　　21. raison d’etre 存在的理由

　　22. all the same 即便如此

　　23. paradoxical turn 自相矛盾的说法

　　24. cloistered 隐居的

　　25. contemplative 好冥想的人(如僧侣)

　　26. the contemplative life 宗教上冥想的生涯

　　27. redemption 赎罪

　　28. mundane 世俗的，现世的

　　29. erudite 博学的，饱学之士

　　30. anachronism 时代错误，与时代不合的事物

　　答案祥解

　　1. C. 他象斯坦贝克一样写。第一段作者说他是一位公认的对当时代具有敏锐洞察力的作家。现在仍然享有盛名。主要在于“他对被压迫和被遗忘的人民的同情，有着对人物性格了解的犀利眼光，对日常方言的曲折转意的“耳朵”。他的幽默粗放而又喧闹，粗鲁而又愉快。因此，尽管他有意识的艺术效果(性)，明显表现在他对复杂韵律和诗节的感受力上，人们仍然尊他为中世纪的斯坦贝克，对贫苦农民悲惨命运的疾首愤怒，给以毫不妥协地甚至野性地真实描述”。这段话说明，文内两位作家之共同点是在内容观点上。而不是指一样的艺术形式上。韦克菲尔德写的是诗歌形式——韵文，而斯坦贝克是小说和散文剧。所以说他像斯坦贝克那样写就错了。故选C.

　　A. 他是乔叟同时代人，见最后一句“他的历史观点的现实主义稍逊于乔叟。乔叟在几年前就为其时代写了一本传奇。” B. 他是作为五或六本现实之剧本的作者而为人纪念。本文第一句话“只能从他写的五个或六个剧本来说明这位作者。” D. 他是一位有成就的艺术家。

　　2. D. Patristic 义：为关于早期基督教领袖的。第一段中his Biblical and Patristic lore indicate的意思是“他那有关圣经和早期基督教领袖们的歌谣。”

　　A. 现实主义的。 B. 爱国的。 C. 迷信的。

　　3. A. 在宗教剧中介绍世俗之事。见第二段中的secularization义：世俗化，脱离教会。这一整段都讲了韦剧中对世俗之事的描述：“拿剧本和作者两者一起讲的话，现在习惯于把他的剧本看作中世纪戏剧世俗化的一个顶点。因此，对他世俗化强调常以一个例子来说明，即他现实主义的描述12月24日一个寒冷的夜晚，在约克郡西区荒凉的山里的那种粗陋的习俗和乡村的生活;在常被人认为几乎是‘记录文献’的三个牧人三段连续的独白之后，批评家们继续认为他的现实主义在此时被强化到以讽刺嘲弄的口吻处理了基督的诞生。最后，作者收场白或事后的补充，对材料的来源圣经表示敬意。剧本又滑回到早期纯洁无邪(天真)的崇敬，一种返祖基调中去。事实上最后一幕不仅是全剧的高潮，也许还是“现实主义”引言存在的理由。”这一段清楚表明。批评者认为宗教只是作者的收场白，计划外的添加剂而已。

　　B. 表现渊博知识材料。 C. 应用当代材料。太笼统。当代也有宗教之事。

　　D. 介绍早期宗教题材。

　　4. B. 表达抨击第二段思想的观点。这个问题最难回答，其所以选择B，是因为本人作者并不同意流行的观点。他在讲完“常规看法”有，用引导来谈“纪实文献”和“现实主义”。这说明作者之含义并不是这两个词的本义。这段最后一句话“事实上，最后一幕……”表明：最后一幕有宗教内容，而“现实主义”不过处于introductory阶段。第三段点明作者的观点“现在的戏剧表面上有许多支持世俗现实主义模式的观点。韦之‘现实主义’有一个自相矛盾的特点。他对人和书本的广泛的了解表明：“他不是与世隔绝，而是和时代紧密相连的。再说，那时的生活毕竟是全方位的宗教。那时代绝不会忽视这种信仰——人是叛逆和有罪的生灵，需要赎罪。大师是那么深沉含蓄的信奉宗教，因而他比布罗姆作者更不可能(更不愿)现实主义地表现真正的历史。他的历史感现实性甚至比乔叟更不现实主义。乔叟早在前几年为他的时代写了‘类似’骑士的故事”。“特罗依拉斯和克莱西德”等传奇。再说，乔叟以高度浪漫的材料为借口对历史事实任意处理。”所以说，我们可以期望作者在下面一步发挥自己的观点，抨击第二段的看法。

　　A. 他和斯坦贝克的比较是公平的。 C. 指出剧中时代错误。 D. 讨论乔叟作品。

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