四六级

　　在六级考试中，阅读部分想要拿到好成绩，不仅需要大家掌握一定的技巧还需要大家练习解题速度。速度快了，阅读不在话下。以下是小编为大家准备大家英语六级阅读练习，希望对大家有帮助。

　　People have wondered for a long time how theirpersonalities and behaviors arc formed.It's not easyto explain why one person is intelligent and anotheris not. or why one is cooperative and another iscompetitive.

　　Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want toexplain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibits certain behaviors. There are noclear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on thee matter have developed. As onemight expect the two approaches are very different from one another. and there is a great dealof debate between proponents of each theory. Thecontroversy is often conveniently referred toas"nature/nurture".

　　Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviorpatterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factor. That our environment haslittle. if anything to do with our abilities. characteristics. and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory Maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such agreat degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.

　　Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called. behaviorists. claim that ourenvironmentis more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we willact. Behaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is almost completely shaped by theirsurroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that likemachines. humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.

　　The social and political implications or these two theories are profound. In the United Stares,for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some"nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically interior to whites. Behaviorists, incontrast. say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived ofmany of the educational and other environmental advantages that white enjoy. and that. as aresult. they do not develop the same responses thatwhites do.

　　Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that thekey to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy willcontinue for a long time is certain.

　　1. The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem__________________.

　　A) why one's behaviors differ from others'

　　B) what makes different stages of intelligence

　　C) how social scientists form different theories

　　D) what causes the "nature/nurture" controversy

　　2. The word "proponents" can best be replaced by _____.

　　A) approaches

　　B) advocates

　　C) principles

　　D) characters

　　3. Which of the following statements may be supported by the "nature" school?

　　A) We are born will certain personalities and behaviors.

　　B) Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.

　　C) Abilities and characteristics are revealed by behaviors.

　　D) Only extreme behaviors are determined by instinct.

　　4. What can we learn about the behaviorists?

　　A) They believe human beings are mechanical.

　　B) They compare our behaviors to the machines.

　　C) They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.

　　D) They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.

　　5. The "nature” theorists believe that the blacks' low scores____________.

　　A) are the result of the educational disadvantages

　　B) are a manifestation of the blacks' poor intelligence

　　C) have nothing to do with their true intelligence

　　D) have nothing to do will factors other than heredity

　　参考答案：

　　1.[A]原文开头两段指出作者要讨论的问题，第2段末开始从两个方面解释该问题，末段是总结段，从文章的结构可见文章要探讨的是人类行为如何形成。从选项来看，似乎没有一个表达此意，但首段末句和第2段第2句中的why...从句表明how(怎样形成)和why(为什么不同)其实是对文章关注的问题的两个不同表述，故选A。

　　2. [D]第4段首句可以比较明显看出proponents和该句中的they以及behaviorists所指相同。由此可见，proponents 一词指的应该是人;第5段第3句中的conclude也表明proponents是有行为能力的人，只有选项B符台这种推测。其他选项都是无行为能力的“方法”、“原则”或“特征”，都不适于原文句子的内容和搭配。

　　3.[A]第3段首句中的determined by biological and genetic factor和未句中的governed by ourinstincts/表明“天性论”派会认同选项A的看法。第3段第2句表明选项B中的has nothing to do with... 不正确;原文并未提及选项C中提到的能力、特点和行为之间的关系;选项D只是将第3段末句的某些词语拼合在一起，原文并未讨论有关extreme behaviors的内容。

　　4.[C]本题实际上考查对第4段末句的正确理解。原文该句中的like machines, humans respond...表明作者并非单纯把人类比作机器，而是把人类对环境的反应与机械对环境的反应作对比，故选项C正确。

　　5.[D]将第5段第3句与第3段结合起来，可以确定选项D为本题答案，只有选项D才符合“天性论”派对性格与行为形成的看法。选项A是另一派，即行为主义者的看法;原文该处虽也有intelligent一词，但是“天性论”者关注的并非分数与真正的智力之间的关系，他们关注的是造成黑人分数低下的原因，事实上，原文也没有提到分数和智力之间是否存在某种关系，因此选项B和C都没有原文依据。

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