四六级

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　　The American economic system is organized arounda basically privateenterprise, market-orientedeconomy in which consumers largely determine whatshall be produced by spending their money in themarketplace for those goods and services that theywant most. Private businessmen, striving to makeprofits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and theprofit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goodsand services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand ofindividual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and thedesire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall beproduced and how resources are used to produce it.

　　An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumerdemands can he expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, thismechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response torelative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is inshort supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up anal some consumers will beeliminated from the market, If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results inreducing its cost. this will tend to increase the supply offered by sellerproducers, which in tumwill lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is theregulating mechanism in the American economic system.

　　The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to ownproductive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain controlover natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the Americaneconomy,the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productiveresources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or tomake a free contract with another private individual.

　　1.According to the first paragraph, in America, individuals_______________.

　　A) are never satisfied with their incomes

　　B) tend to overstate their incomes

　　C) want to have their incomes increased

　　D) want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes

　　2.It is implied in the first two sentences in the second paragraph that__________.

　　A) consumers can be satisfied by mechanized production

　　B) producers are the means through which consumers express their demands

　　C) the price of products are decided by producers

　　D) prices are regulated by supply and demand

　　3.According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is featured by______。

　　A) private property and rights concerned

　　B) manpower and natural resources control

　　C) ownership of productive re:sources

　　D) free contracts and prices

　　4.We can learn from the passage that in market-oriented economy________.

　　A) consumers are the only factor to determine what shall be produced

　　B) how goods and services are produced is mainly conducted by the profit mottve

　　C) the American economic system is exactly a market-oriented economy

　　D) businessmen can produce more goods Ln order to earn more profits

　　5.Which of the following can be the BEST title of the passage?

　　A) How American Goods Are Produced?

　　B) How American Consumers Buy Their Goods?

　　C) How American Economic System Works?

　　D) How American Businessmen Make Their Prorits7

　　参考答案：

　　1.根据文章第一段，在美国，个人______________。

　　A)对其收入永远不满足

　　B)趋向于夸大其收入

　　C)希望增加其收入

　　D)希望增大其收入的购买力

　　[D]文章首段末句提到，消费者个体的需求，加上企业主获取最大利润的欲望和个人追求收入效益最大化的欲望，共同决定……。句中individuals to maximize their incomes指的是“个人追求收入效益最大化”因此选项D为本题答案。

　　2.第二段前两句话暗示了____________。

　　A)机械化生产能移满足消费者的需求

　　B)生产者是消费者赖以表达需求的途径

　　C)产品的价格由生产者决定

　　D)价格由供求关系调控

　　[D]第2段前两句话提到，市场经济的一个重要组成因素就是反映消赞者需求并促使生产者对消费者需求做出反应的机制。在美国经济中，这种机制是通过价格体系来实现的。在该价格体系下，价格随消费者的需求以及销售者——生产者的供应情况上下涨跌。结合这两句可知，价格是由供求关系调控的，因此选项D为本题答案。

　　3.根据文章，私营企业经济的特点是__________。

　　A)关心私有财产和权利

　　B)控制劳动力和自然资源

　　C)生产资料的所有权

　　D)自由合同和价格

　　[A]文章末段首句讲到私营经济的一个重要组成因素是个人可以拥有私人财产，接着第2句又说私人财产的概念不仅包括生产资料的所有权，也包含某些权利。由此可知，选项A正确。

　　4.我们，文中可以得出，在市场经济中___________。

　　A)消费者是决定生产何种产品的唯一因素。

　　B)商品和服务是如何生成的主要由谋利动机引导。

　　C)美国的经济系统完全是市场导向型经济。

　　D)商人可以生产更多商品来获得更多利润。

　　[B]首段第2句中的第2个分句提到，在竞争压力下进行经营的牟利动机，将在很大程度上决定如何生产和提供消费者最希望获得的产品和服务。也就是说，产品和服务是如何提供的主要由牟利动机决定，故选项B正确。

　　5.下列哪项作为文章标题最佳?

　　A)美国的商品是如何生产的?

　　B)美国的消费者是怎样购买商品的?

　　C)美国的经济系统是如何运作的?

　　D)美国的商人是怎样获得利润的?

　　[C]文章标题应该体现文章的主旨，文章第1段就指出美国经济体制基本上是围绕着私营企业，市场经济建立起来的。第2、3段分别说明了市场经济和私营经济的一个重要组成因素，由此可以推断文章的主旨是美国的经济系统是如何运作的，故选项C正确。

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